Several conditions may be related to male infertility.

Infertility is defined by the WHO as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse and a male factor is present in up to 50 % of all infertile couples. Up to date, 3,000,000 anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) users have been reported in the United States with an increasing prevalence, making AAS consumption a major public health growing concern. These substances were first restricted to professional bodybuilders, but become more and more popular among recreational athletes.

For several decades, testosterone and its synthetic derivatives have been used with anabolic and androgenic purposes.